{"id":12018,"date":"2024-05-07T13:30:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T13:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iesco.my\/?p=12018"},"modified":"2025-03-12T04:55:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T04:55:15","slug":"%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 (9 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 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\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/a>\u060c \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7\/\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/a> \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a> \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/a>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0643.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/div>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%9f\" >\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\" >\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a4%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-literature-review\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 Literature Review<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-hypothesis\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-methodology\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Methodology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a6%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b9%d8%a9\" >\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%9f\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12026 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon.png\" alt=\"writing research icon\" width=\"386\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon.png 386w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon-160x160.png 160w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/writing-research-icon-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a\/\">\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iberdrola.com\/sustainability\/how-to-reduce-plastic-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u061f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a4%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u061f&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13014\" src=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629.webp 500w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-100x100.webp 100w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-400x400.webp 400w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-160x160.webp 160w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628-\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629-120x120.webp 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-literature-review\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 Literature Review<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;Literature Review&#8221; \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-hypothesis\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Hypothesis<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A\/\">\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a> \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a. <strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12028 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/literature-review-icon.png\" alt=\"literature review icon\" width=\"386\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/literature-review-icon.png 386w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/literature-review-icon-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\" \/><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-methodology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Methodology<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a Qualitative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a Quantitative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (Control Group) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12030 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/analyzing-research-data.png\" alt=\"analyzing research data illustration vector. a guy holds a lens to magnify visualized data as a step of doing research\" width=\"440\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/analyzing-research-data.png 440w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/analyzing-research-data-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/iesco.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/analyzing-research-data-400x276.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b6%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7\/\">\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%ad-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0646\u0634\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\"><b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0646\u0634\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\"><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\"><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7\/\">ResearchGate<\/a>\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d8%b9-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\">Google Scholar<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/iesco.my\/ar\/\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0646\u0634\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\">\u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\"><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%d8%a5%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a6%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b9%d8%a9\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Abstract)\u061f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Abstract) \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 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